Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block versus fascia iliaca compartment (FI) block for hip surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628

Use of 3D Printing in Planning the Reconstruction of Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Teaching Tool / Uso de prototipagem rápida no planejamento de reconstruções da artroplastia total do quadril: Uma ferramenta para ensino

Abstract The present study aims to demonstrate how biomodels can be used as teaching tools for surgical techniques and training in a medical residency service. A case series was carried out in our orthopedics and traumatology outpatient facility using three-dimensional (3D) printing for surgical planning to contribute to the surgical teaching and training of resident physicians. Two cases were selected as examples in the present article. Biomodels enable a better understanding of the surgery by the surgical team and residents, reducing the surgical time and the risks for the patients. These models can be a good teaching method to plan reconstructions of total hip arthroplasties, evaluate and predict surgical difficulties, and optimize procedures.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como os biomodelos podem servir como ferramenta de ensino para o esclarecimento de técnicas cirúrgicas e o treinamento em um serviço de residência médica. Foram realizadas séries de casos em nosso ambulatório de ortopedia e traumatologia, nos quais o uso da prototipagem para o planejamento cirúrgico contribuiu para o ensino cirúrgico e treinamento de médicos residentes. Dois casos foram selecionados como exemplo neste artigo. O uso de biomodelos permite um melhor entendimento da cirurgia pela equipe cirúrgica e pelos residentes, e diminui o tempo e os riscos cirúrgicos aos pacientes. O uso de biomodelos no planejamento de reconstruções da artroplastia total do quadril pode servir como um bom método de ensino, para a avaliação e previsão das dificuldades no momento da cirurgia, e para otimizar os procedimentos.

Colocación de catéter ecoguiado para bloqueo PENG continuo en Cirugía de Cadera / Catheter placement in continuous PENG blockade in hip surgery

Resumen: El control de dolor agudo en cirugía de cadera es un reto para el anestesiólogo, no sólo por la complejidad del dolor derivado de las osteotomías en una articulación mayor, sino por la multipatología y fragilidad que acompaña al paciente geriátrico. El bloqueo de los nervios pericapsulares, conocido como «bloqueo PENG¼ es un bloqueo guiado por ultrasonido puramente sensitivo que inhibe el impulso nociceptivo quirúrgico de tres nervios de la articulación coxofemoral: el nervio femoral, el nervio obturador y el nervio obturador accesorio. Este bloqueo tiene una duración promedio de 10 a 12 horas, prolongar esta eficacia y el margen de seguridad provistos por esta técnica fue el motivo para realizar la colocación de un catéter ecoguiado en el bloqueo PENG en un paciente masculino programado para artroplastía total de cadera con el objetivo de controlar el dolor hasta 48 horas después del procedimiento quirúrgico, optimizar recursos y disminuir su estancia intrahospitalaria y el riesgo de presentación de delirio y efectos adversos derivados del uso de opioides comúnmente asociados en pacientes de edad avanzada. El bloqueo PENG continuo forma parte del manejo multimodal aunado a anestesia general u otras técnicas de anestesia regional, con más horas de analgesia comparado con una dosis única.

Abstract: The control of acute pain in hip surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologist, not only because of the complexity of the pain derived from osteotomies in a larger joint; but because of the multipathology and fragility that accompanies the geriatric patient. The pericapsular nerve block, known as «PENG block¼ is a purely sensitive ultrasound-guided block that inhibits the surgical nociceptive impulse of three nerves of the hip joint: the femoral nerve, the obturator nerve and the accessory obturator nerve. This block has an average duration of 10 to 12 hours, prolonging this efficiency and the safety margin provided by this technique led us to place an ultrasound-guided catheter in the PENG block for a male patient scheduled for total hip arthroplasty with the objective of controlling pain up to 48 hours after the surgical procedure, optimizing resources and reducing their hospital stay and reducing the risk of delirium and adverse effects derived from the use of opioids commonly associated in elderly patients. Continuous PENG block is part of multimodal management coupled with general anesthesia or other regional anesthesia techniques, with more hours of analgesia compared to a single dose.

Spastic Hips in Cerebral Palsy - Retrospective Study of Salvage with the McHale Procedure / Quadris espásticos da paralisia cerebral - Estudo retrospectivo do salvamento com a cirurgia de McHale

Abstract Objective To perform a retrospective and cross-sectional assessment to determine the pain and positional improvement of all patients with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and severe hip deformity who underwent a McHale procedure in our center. A second objective was to analyze the potential complications from the procedure. Methods All consecutive patients treated between 1995 and 2017 were analyzed. Clinically, the patients should present pain on hip mobilization, difficulty in positioning for sitting and hygiene care, and medical records with complete data; functionally was assessed through the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). In the preoperative radiographs, we analyzed the migration percentage (MP), the type of deformity according to the Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale (MCPHCS), and the type of deformity of the femoral head. After the surgery, we assessed the proximal migration of the proximal femoral fragment, implant changes and/or failure, and potential heterotopic ossification. The outcomes were reported as successful (D1) in patients presenting remission of pain, painless mobility, and improved positioning, or unsuccessful (D2) in those presenting procedural failure that required a new surgery. Results In total, 47 patients (53 hips) were treated. Functionally, 43 patients were classified as GMFCS V (91%), 3 as GMFCS IV patients (6%), and 1 as GMFCS III (2%). The mean age was 13 years and 2 months. The follow-up ranged from 1 year to 15 years and 4 months, with an average of 4 years and 8 months. A total of 36 patients (41 hips) presented successful (D1) outcomes after the McHale procedure, corresponding to 77% of our cases, whereas 11 (23%) cases had unsuccessful (D2) outcomes. Conclusion The McHale procedure is a treatment option for GMFCS IV and V, but we must be aware of the potential complications.

Resumo Objetivo Fazer uma avaliação retrospectiva e transversal quanto à melhora da dor e do posicionamento de todos os pacientes portadores de paralisia cerebral (PC) espástica com deformidade grave no quadril submetidos ao procedimento de McHale em nosso centro. Secundariamente, objetivou-se analisar as possíveis complicações do procedimento. Métodos Foram analisados todos os pacientes consecutivos tratados no período entre 1995 e 2017. Clinicamente, os pacientes deveriam apresentar dor à mobilização do quadril, dificuldade de posicionamento para se sentar e para os cuidados de higiene, e prontuário médico com dados completos; quanto ao grau de função motora, utilizou-se o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS, em inglês). A avaliação radiográfica no período pré-operatório analisou a porcentagem de migração (PM), o tipo de deformidade de acordo com a Escala de Classificação de Quadril na Paralisia Cerebral de Melbourne (Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale, MCPHS), e a deformidade da cabeça femoral. No período pós-operatório, analisaram-se a presença de migração proximal do fragmento do fêmur proximal, as alterações e/ou a falha do implante utilizado, e a possível ossificação heterotópica. Consideraram-se como desfechos: D1- satisfatório: remissão da dor, mobilidade indolor, melhora do posicionamento; e D2- insatisfatório: falha no procedimento, que necessitou de reabordagem cirúrgica. Resultados No total, 47 pacientes (53 quadris) foram tratados. Funcionalmente, quanto à classificação no GMFCS, 43 pacientes eram GMFCS V (91%), 3 pacientes eram GMFCS IV (6%), e 1 paciente era GMFCS III (2%). A média da idade foi de 13 anos e 2 meses. O tempo de seguimento variou de 1 ano a 15 anos e 4 meses, com média de 4 anos e 8 meses. Quanto ao desfecho da cirurgia de McHale, ele foi satifatório (D1) em 36 pacientes (41 quadris), perfazendo 77% dos nossos casos, e insatisfatório (D2) em 11 (23%) casos. Conclusão A cirurgia de McHale é uma opção no tratamento para os níveis IV e V, mas devemos estar alertas para as possíveis complicações.

Estudio cadavérico de anteversión de cuello femoral en Población de Indonesia / Cadaveric Study Of Femoral Neck Anteversion In Indonesian Population

Objective: The normal morphology of femoral anteversion is an essential factor which determines the clinical results of hip replacement to achieve the normal activity and the length of the replaced joint. No previous study has been documented regarding normal value of femoral anteversion in Indonesian population and how they are different with Western, India and African population. This study aimed on measurement of normal femoral anteversion values of Indonesian population and compare it with existing data of Western, African and India values. Method: This cross-sectional study by measuring the femoral neck anteversion angle in 120 samples of Indonesians's cadaveric femur. Comparisons were made between Western, African and India. Result: The result showed that the average values of femoral neck anteversion angle in men were 11.60 ± 4.83 and 12.96 ± 5.1 in the right and left parts respectively, while in women, the results were 14.83+-5.14 and 13.37+-5.66 in right and left parts. The p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant. Conclusion: The mean femoral anteversion values of Indonesian population is 13.22. It is significantly different in comparison with Western, African, and Indian population.

Incidence of epidural spread after Chayens approach to lumbar plexus block: a retrospective study / Incidência de dispersão peridural após bloqueio do plexo lumbar com técnica de Chayen: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract Background and objectives: The lumbar plexus block (LPB) is a key technique for lower limb surgery. All approaches to the LPB involve a number of complications. We hypothesized that Chayen's approach, which involves a more caudal and more lateral needle entry point than the major techniques described in the literature, would be associated with a lower rate of epidural spread. Method: We reviewed the electronic medical records and chart of all adult patients who underwent orthopedic surgery for Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and hip hemiarthroplasty due to osteoarthritis and femoral neck fracture with LPB and Sciatic Nerve Block (SNB) between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2017, in our institute. The LPB was performed according to Chayen's technique using a mixture of mepivacaine and levobupivacaine (total volume, 25 mL) and a SNB by the parasacral approach. The sensory and motor block was evaluated bilaterally during intraoperative and postoperative period. Results: A total number of 700 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I to IV who underwent LPB met the inclusion criteria. The LPB and SNB was successfully performed in all patients. Epidural spread was reported in a single patient (0.14%;p < 0.05), accounting for an 8.30% reduction compared with the other approaches described in the literature. No other complications were recorded. Conclusions: This retrospective study indicates that more caudal and more lateral approach to the LPB, such as the Chayen's approach, is characterized by a lower epidural spread than the other approach to the LPB.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O bloqueio do plexo lombar (BPL) é uma técnica fundamental para a cirurgia de membros inferiores. Todas as abordagens do BPL são associadas a uma série de complicações. Nossa hipótese foi de que a abordagem de Chayen, que envolve um ponto de entrada da agulha mais caudal e mais lateral do que as principais técnicas descritas na literatura, estaria associada a menor incidência de dispersão peridural. Método: Revisamos os prontuários médicos eletrônicos e em papel de todos os pacientes adultos submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) e hemiartroplastia do quadril devido a osteoartrite ou fratura do colo do fêmur empregando-se BPL associado ao bloqueio do nervo ciático (BNC), entre 1 de janeiro de 2002 e 31 de dezembro de 2017 em nossa instituição. Realizamos o BPL usando a técnica de Chayen e uma mistura de mepivacaína e levobupivacaína (volume total de 25 mL) e o BNC pela abordagem parassacral. Testes sensorial e motor bilaterais foram realizados no intra e pós-operatório. Resultados: Os critérios de inclusão foram obedecidos pelo total de 700 pacientes classe ASA I a IV submetidos ao BPL. Os BPL e BNC foram realizados com sucesso em todos os pacientes. A dispersão peridural foi relatada em um único paciente (0,14%; p < 0,05), representando uma redução de 8,30% quando comparada às outras abordagens descritas na literatura. Nenhuma outra complicação foi registrada. Conclusões: Este estudo retrospectivo indica que a abordagem mais caudal e mais lateral do BPL, como a técnica de Chayen, é caracterizada por menor dispersão peridural do que outras abordagens do BPL.

Bloqueo del grupo de nervios pericapsulares (PENG) para cirugía de cadera / Blockade of the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) for hip surgery

Resumen: La anestesia regional se realiza cada vez más en pacientes con fractura de cadera; ofrece mejor analgesia y menor consumo de opioides con disminución de sus efectos secundarios. Se ha estudiado la inervación sensitiva de la articulación de la cadera y el mecanismo de acción de diferentes bloqueos nerviosos; lo que nos ha llevado a proponer el abordaje del bloqueo de las ramas de los nervios pericapsulares; lo cual bloquea únicamente las ramas articulares sensitivas en forma unilateral. Técnica: Con el paciente en decúbito dorsal, se coloca el transductor convexo en plano transverso sobre la espina Iliaca anteroinferior, posteriormente se alinea con la eminencia iliopectínea de la rama púbica, rotándolo 45º hacia medial. Se inserta una aguja en plano de 80 mm en dirección lateral a medial, se deposita el anestésico local en lo profundo del tendón del psoas. Discusión: La identificación de la sonoanatomía es fundamental en el bloqueo PENG, no es un bloqueo avanzado, pero el anestesiólogo podría tener un bloqueo no exitoso y perder todos los beneficios de esta técnica. Por lo cual, presentamos las imágenes en forma detallada del procedimiento.

Abstract. Regional anesthesia is increasingly being performed in patients with hip fracture, offering better analgesia and lower consumption of opioids reducing their side effects. Recently, the sensitive innervation of the hip joint and the mechanism of action of different nerve blocks have been studied. This has led us to develop a novel ultrasound-guided approach for blockade of articular branches of the hip nerves, pericapsular nerve group. Which blocks only the sensory articular branches unilaterally. Technique: with the patient in the dorsal position, the transverse convex transducer is placed on the anterior inferior iliac spine, then align with the Iliopectineal eminence of the pubic branch rotating it 45º counter clockwise. An 80 mm flat needle is inserted lateral to medial and the local anesthetic is deposited deep in the psoas tendon. Discussion: The identification of sonoanatomy is fundamental in the PENG block, it is not an advanced block, but the anesthesiologist could have an unsuccessful block and lose all the benefits of this technique. Therefore, we present the images in detail of the procedure.

Is Intraoperative Blood Cell Salvage Effective in Hip Surgery? / A recuperação intraoperatória de células sanguíneas é eficaz em cirurgias de quadril?

Abstract Objective The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of blood cell salvage (CS) as a method of reducing allogeneic blood transfusion in patients submitted to transtrochanteric femoral and hip surgeries due to injury. Methods Prospective cohort of 38 patients froma school hospital submitted to hip or trochanteric surgeries and divided into two groups from August 2015 to February 2017. Patients with any malignancy or infectious condition were excluded from the study. Cell savage group (19 patients) received autologous blood using cell saver, whereas control group (19 patients) received just allogeneic blood, if needed. Red blood cell parameters, blood transfusion requirements, and clinical and surgical characteristics, such as age, gender, ASA scale and type of surgery, were compared both preoperatively and postoperatively. Data was processed in SPSS 20.0. Results There were no differences in the clinical parameters studied (age, gender and ASA scale). Red blood cell parameters on the first day postoperative were higher in the cell savage group (p < 0.05). No significant reduction of intraoperative and postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion requirements was found. Conclusion This study found that CS was not effective in reducing intraoperative and postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion requirements in patients submitted to transtrochanteric femoral and hip surgery.

Resumo Objetivo O estudo visa avaliar a eficácia da recuperação intraoperatória de sangue (RIOS) na redução de hemotransfusão alogênica em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia por fratura de fêmur e quadril. Métodos Coorte prospectiva com 38 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia traumatológica para fraturas em quadril e transtrocantéricas de fêmur, divididos em dois grupos em um hospital de ensino de agosto de 2015 a fevereiro de 2017. Pacientes com qualquer enfermidade ou condição infecciosa foram excluídos do presente estudo. O grupo RIOS (19 pacientes) recebeu sangue autólogo com a utilização de Cell Saver, enquanto o grupo controle (19 pacientes) recebeu apenas sangue alogênico, quando necessário.. Grupos comparados em relação ao gênero, idade na cirurgia, escala da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas (ASA) (I, II ou III), uso intraoperatório da RIOS, volume sanguíneo reinfundido pela RIOS, parâmetros hematimétricos pré- e pósoperatórios, volume intra e pós-operatório de sangue alogênico transfundido. Dados processados no software SPSS Statistics for Windows, Versão 20.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, EUA). Resultados Sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos com as variáveis: idade, gênero e ASA. Percebeu-se que os valores finais de hemoglobina e hematócrito (no 1° dia de pós-operatório) foram mais elevados no grupo que utilizou o dispositivo (p < 0,05). Não houve redução significativa da transfusão alogênica intra e pósoperatória no grupo RIOS em comparação ao controle. Conclusões O presente estudo constatou que a RIOS não foi eficaz em reduzir a transfusão alogênica no intra e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de fêmur transtrocantérica e de quadril.

Proximal Femur Fracture and Vascular Injury in Adults-Case Report / Fratura proximal do fêmur e lesão vascular em adultos - Relato de caso

Abstract Vascular complications in the surgical treatment of hip fractures are rare. Depending on the arterial injury, severe intraoperative bleeding or a subacute hematoma formation with arterial pseudoaneurysm development can occur. In the literature, the more frequently described complications are large local hematomas after osteosynthesis with sliding hip screws. This report shows a case of delayed arterial injury after proximal femur osteosynthesis.

Resumo Complicações vasculares no tratamento cirúrgico da fratura do quadril são raras. A depender da lesão arterial, pode ocorrer um grave sangramento intraoperatório ou formação de hematoma subagudo comdesenvolvimento de pseudoaneurisma arterial. Na literatura, as complicações mais frequentes relatadas são a formação de grandes hematomas locais após osteossíntese com parafuso deslizante do quadril. O objetivo do presente relato foi demonstrar um caso de lesão arterial tardia após osteossíntese proximal do fêmur.

Continuous quadratus lumborum type 3 block provides effective postoperative analgesia for hip surgery: case report / O bloqueio contínuo do quadrado lombar tipo 3 fornece analgesia pós-operatória efetiva para cirurgia do quadril: relato de caso

Abstract Introduction: Hip surgery is a major surgery that causes severe postoperative pain. Although pain during rest is usually considerably reduced mobilization is important in terms of thromboembolic complications. The quadratus lumborum block is a regional analgesic technique that blocks T6-L3 nerve branches. This block may provide adequate analgesia and reduce opioid consumption after hip surgery. Case report: We performed continuous quadratus lumborum type 3 block in two patients who underwent hip arthroplasty. Postoperative 24-h pain scores, local anesthetic consumptions on patient-controlled analgesia and additional analgesic requirement were recorded. In two patients, postoperative pain scores were less than 6 during rest and physiotherapy. Patient was mobilized in the early postoperative period without additional opioid analgesic requirement and without muscle weakness. Discussion: Continuous quadratus lumborum block may be used to relieve postoperative acute pain in hip surgery because it provides one-sided anesthesia without muscle weakness.

Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia de quadril é uma cirurgia de grande porte que causa dor intensa no pós-operatório. Embora a dor durante o repouso seja consideravelmente reduzida, a mobilização é importante em termos de complicações tromboembólicas. O bloqueio doquadrado lombar é uma técnica analgésica regional que bloqueia os ramos nervosos de T6-L3. Esse bloqueio pode fornecer analgesia adequada e reduzir o consumo de opioides após cirurgiasde quadril. Relato de caso: Realizamos o bloqueio contínuo do quadrado lombar tipo 3 em dois pacientes submetidos à artroplastia de quadril. Durante as 24 hs de pós-operatório foram registrados os escores de dor, o consumo de anestésicos locais em analgesia controlada pelo paciente e a necessidade de analgésicos adicionais. Em dois pacientes, os escores de dor pós-operatória foram < 6 durante o repouso e fisioterapia. O paciente foi mobilizado no período pós-operatório imediato, sem precisar de analgésico opioide adicional e sem fraqueza muscular. Discussão: O bloqueio contínuo do quadrado lombar pode ser usado para aliviar a dor aguda no pós-operatório de cirurgia de quadril porque fornece anestesia unilateral sem fraqueza muscular.

Erector spinae plane block for pediatric hip surgery: a case report / 대한마취과학회지

Surgical repair of the hip is considered an extremely painful procedure. Managing pain in this surgery is challenging even with several available options, each with limitations. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a novel technique that has been used in different types of surgery, with promising results. Herein, we describe a case of a successful ESP block for pediatric hip surgery. In the future, ESP block could be an alternative technique for providing effective analgesia.

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty after Ceramic Bearing Fractures in Patients Under 60-years Old; Mid-term Results / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: Although advances in technology have reduced the risk of ceramic implant fractures in total hip arthroplasty, these injuries do occur and their treatment remains challenging. There is a lack of studies reporting on the effectiveness of ceramic components in revision hip arthroplasty after ceramic bearing fracture. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes of revision surgery with ceramic-on-ceramic components after ceramic bearing fractures in young (i.e., under 60 years old) and active patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients who, from May 2004 to November 2011, underwent ceramic-on-ceramic revision surgery following a ceramic component fracture and had more than 6 years follow up were enrolled in this study. All eight patients were male with mean ages at first and revision surgeries of 39 years (range, 31–50 years) and 43.8 years (range, 33–60 years), respectively. There were 6 and 2 cases of ceramic liner and ceramic head fractures, respectively. The average time from the first operation to revision surgery was 54.3 months (range, 9–120 months), and the average follow up period was 9.7 years (range, 6–13.3 years). RESULTS: At the last follow up, all patients showed improvement in Harris hip score and pain relief and there were no cases of loosening or osteolysis. CONCLUSION: Revision total hip arthroplasty using ceramic-on-ceramic components after ceramic component fracture is a feasible and appropriate surgical option in young and active patients.

Discussion on rational dosage of hydromorphone hydrochloride in the elderly after hip / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the reasonable dose of hydromorphone hydrochloride in the elderly patients after hip surgery. Methods 120 cases of elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from April 2016 to July 2016 were divided into six groups randomely,with 20 cases each group,they were 0.020,0.035,0.050,0.065,0.080 and 0.095mg/mL group,the corresponding concentrations of HYD were given to each group after surgery,blood rheology, inflammatory cytokine, VAS and Ramsay sedation scores were observed at different time points, Complications were recorded. Results One day and three days after operation,whole blood viscosity and whole blood reduced viscosity level of six groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),with the increase of the concentration of HYD,whole blood viscosity and whole blood reducing viscosity of each group decreased,compared with 0.020-0.050 mg/mL group,the 0.065-0.095 mg/mL group was lower (P<0.05).One day and three days after operation,the levels of inflammatory cytokines were increased in six groups (P<0.05),with the increase of the concentration of HYD,the level of inflammatory factors decreased,compared with 0.020-0.050 mg/mL group,the 0.065-0.095 mg/mL group was lower (P<0.05).The VAS scores of six groups were decreased in different degree with the prolongation of time, with the increase of the concentration of HYD,VAS at different time after operation decreased to some extent (P<0.05),compared with 0.020-0.035 mg/mL group,the 0.050-0.095 mg/mL group was lower (P<0.05). Ramsay sedation scores increased in 0.020-0.035mg/mL group and decreased in 0.065-0.095mg/mL group,but no significant change in 0.050mg/mL group. The incidence of adverse reactions was the lowest in the 0.050 mg/mL group. Conclusion HYD can be used for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing hip joint surgery,the concentration of HYD was correlated with the analgesic efficiency, and the recommended concentration was 0.050 mg/mL.

Total hip arthroplasty: a still evolving technique / Atualização em artroplastia total de quadril: uma técnica ainda em desenvolvimento

ABSTRACT It has been advocated that total hip arthroplasty (THA) is probably the most successful surgical intervention performed in Medicine. In the 1960s, Sir John Charnley not only introduced, but also modified and improved the technique of cemented arthroplasties. The concepts on biological , fixation established by Pillar and Galante served as the foundation for the development of uncemented implants that are now used worldwide. Currently, THA is a worldwide widespread surgery performed on millions of people. However, keeping abreast of the large number of information available on these procedures, especially on implant fixation, designs, different tribological pairings, and the long-term results can be challenging at times. This article is a brief update on the main aspects of THA.

RESUMO A artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) é uma das cirurgias de maior sucesso na história da medicina. Nos anos 1960,SirJohn Charnley introduziu e aperfeiçoou as artroplastias cimentadas. Pillar e Galante estabeleceram os conceitos da fixação biológica, base para o desenvolvimento das artroplastias não cimentadas. Atualmente, a ATQ é uma cirurgia mundialmente difundida e feita em milhões de pessoas. No entanto, o grande número de informações disponíveis sobre as artroplastias, especialmente quanto à forma de fixação do implante ao osso, aos diferentesdesignsdas hastes e dos acetábulos, aos diferentes pares tribológicos e aos resultados no longo prazo por vezes dificulta a tomada de decisão. Este artigo é uma breve atualização sobre os principais aspectos da ATQ.

Advantages and limitations of national arthroplasty registries. The need for multicenter registries: the Rempro-SBQ / Vantagens e limitações dos registros nacionais de artroplastias. A necessidade de registros multicêntricos: o Rempro-SBQ

Abstract While the value of national arthroplasty registries (NAR) for quality improvement in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has already been widely reported, some methodological limitations associated with observational epidemiological studies that may interfere with the assessment of safety and efficacy of prosthetic implants have recently been described in the literature. Among the main limitations of NAR, the need for at least 80% compliance of all health institutions covered by the registry is emphasized; completeness equal or greater than 90% of all THA performed; restricted data collection; use of revision surgery as the sole criterion for outcome; and the inability of establishing a definite causal link with prosthetic dysfunction. The present article evaluates the advantages and limitations of NAR, in the light of current knowledge, which point to the need for a broader data collection and the use of more structured criteria for defining outcomes. In this scenario, the authors describe of idealization, conceptual and operational structure, and the project of implantation and implementation of a multicenter registry model, called Rempro-SBQ, which includes healthcare institutions already linked to the Brazilian Hip Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Quadril [SBQ]). This partnership enables the collection of more reliable and comprehensive data at a higher hierarchical level, with a significant reduction in maintenance and financing costs. The quality improvement actions supported by SBQ may enhance its effectiveness and stimulate greater adherence for collecting, storing, interpreting, and disseminating information (feedback).

Resumo Ainda que os registros nacionais de artroplastias (RNAs) sejam um importante instrumento de controle e melhoria da qualidade da artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ), algumas limitações metodológicas associadas aos estudos epidemiológicos observacionais, que podem interferir na avaliação da segurança e eficácia dos implantes protéticos, têm sido recentemente descritas na literatura.Dentre as principais limitações destacam-se a necessidade de cobertura mínima de 80% das instituições hospitalares da região objeto do registro; integralidade mínima de 90% de todas as ATQs feitas; coleta de informações mais restritas; uso da cirurgia de revisão como critério único de desfecho e a dificuldade de se estabelecer um nexo causal com a disfunção protética.No presente artigo avaliamos as vantagens e limitações dos RNAs, à luz dos conhecimentos atuais, que apontam para a necessidade da coleta de informações mais amplas e de uso de critérios mais estruturados na definição de desfechos.Nesse cenário, descrevemos os processos de idealização, a estrutura conceitual e operacional e o projeto de implantação e implementação de um modelo de registro multicêntrico, denominado Rempro-SBQ, que inclui os centros hospitalares de treinamento em cirurgia de quadril já ligados institucionalmente à Sociedade Brasileira de Quadril (SBQ). Essa parceria possibilita, simultaneamente, a coleta de informações mais abrangentes e de elevado nível hierárquico, de forma confiável, com redução bastante significativa dos custos de manutenção e financiamento. As ações de melhoria da qualidade, amparadas pela SBQ, podem protagonizar uma condição de maior efetividade e maior adesão aos procedimentos de coleta, armazenamento, interpretação e divulgação das informações.

A randomised, double-blinded clinical study on the efficacy of multimedia presentation using an iPad for patient education of postoperative hip surgery patients in a public hospital in Singapore

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>This study compared patient satisfaction and recall of physiotherapy patient education among patients who had undergone hip surgery, with information presented via an iPad versus a standard paper booklet.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients who had undergone hip surgery joined and completed this single-centre study, which utilised a randomised parallel group design. They were randomly allocated to either Group A (received information on hip surgery physiotherapy via an iPad) or Group B (received the same information via a paper booklet). The participants were blinded to the intervention received by the other group and the testers were blinded to the intervention received by the participants. The interventions were carried out during the patients' first four postoperative physiotherapy sessions. The outcome measures were recorded using pre-validated questionnaires.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 42 participants (mean age 70 ± 12 years) were recruited. After the intervention, patients in both groups had improved recall of the information presented during patient education. However, the patients in Group A had a significantly better recall score than those in Group B (4.0 points higher, p < 0.001). The level of patient satisfaction was also significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (8.5 points higher, p < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>While the use of an iPad and a paper booklet both had positive outcomes for patient recall and satisfaction, the use of an iPad was found to be more effective at improving patient satisfaction and recall of physiotherapy patient education in the present study.</p>

Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Hip Fracture Recovery Score assessment tool / Tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento de avaliação do quadril Hip Fracture Recovery Score

OBJECTIVE: The Hip Function Recovery Score questionnaire is an instrument that was developed for evaluating the functional recovery of patients over 60 years of age who undergo surgical treatment due to hip fractures. The objective of this study was to make a thorough transcultural translation of this questionnaire, with adaptation to the individual and cultural traits of the Brazilian population. METHOD: This translation method consisted of initial translation, back translation, drafting of a consensual version and pretesting with comments invited. Subsequently, a final version was drawn up after making the necessary adjustments, without altering the semantics of the questions in the original text. RESULTS: The consensual version was applied to thirty patients over the age of 60 years who had undergone surgical treatment due to hip fractures. However, some difficulties in understanding some words and expressions were observed, and these were then replaced with terms that were more easily understood. After the final version had been drawn up, this was applied to the same patients and full understanding was achieved among some of them, without altering the semantics of the questions of the original text. CONCLUSION: The transcultural translation of the Hip Function Recovery Score will have an immediate impact on functional evaluations on patients over 60 years of age who underwent surgery due to hip fracture. It will subsequently be possible for other Brazilian scientific studies to use this questionnaire, which has been standardized and adapted to Brazilian culture, in order to make comparisons between results, thereby enriching Brazilian scientific production.

OBJETIVO: O questionário Hip Function Recovery Score consiste em um instrumento desenvolvido para avaliação da recuperação funcional de pacientes acima de 60 anos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico devido a fraturas do quadril. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer a tradução transcultural de forma criteriosa do questionário e adaptá-lo às características individuais e culturais da população brasileira. MÉTODO: Este método consiste em tradução inicial, retrotradução, elaboração de uma versão de consenso e pré-teste comentado com posterior elaboração de uma versão final após as alterações necessárias sem modificar a semântica das perguntas do texto original. RESULTADOS: A versão de consenso foi aplicada em 30 pacientes, acima de 60 anos, que foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico devido a fraturas do quadril. Foram observadas, entretanto, algumas dificuldades no entendimento de algumas palavras e expressões, as quais foram substituídas por termos de mais fácil entendimento. Após a elaboração da versão final, reaplicou-se essa versão aos mesmos pacientes e obteve-se um entendimento total. CONCLUSÃO: A tradução transcultural do questionário terá impacto imediato na avaliação funcional dos pacientes com mais de 60 anos operados devido a fraturas do quadril e, posteriormente, outros trabalhos nacionais podem usar esse questionário padronizado e adaptado à nossa cultura para comparação de resultados e enriquecer a produção científica do Brasil.

Femoral neck non-union treatment by valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy in femoral neck non-union.METHODS: Forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures with non-union treated using Pauwels' intertrochanteric osteotomy were reviewed. Demographics, time elapsed between fracture and surgery, follow--up, osteosynthesis used, Garden's classification, limb shortening, and x-rays were evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-two men and 20 women were reviewed. The youngest patient was 18 years old and the oldest 65 years old, with a mean age of 42.4 years (±11.2). The minimum follow-up was 2 years, with a mean of 10.2 years. The average time elapsed between initial fracture and osteotomy was 6.5 months. Twel-ve cases were neglected femoral neck fractures. Nineteen patients were classified as Garden III, and 23 patients as Garden IV. After valgus osteotomy, non-union healing was observed in 38 patients (38/42; 90.4%). Healing of thirty-seven cases of pseudoarthrosis were obtained after the first-attempt osteotomy, and one case required two operations for healing. The osteotomy failed in four cases. Conside-ring the healed osteotomies, good to excellent functional results were achieved in 80.9% (34/42) of the patients. Total hip replacement was subsequently performed in 14.2% (6/42) of the patients for unfavoura-ble outcomes (two for cutting out, two for osteonecrosis, and two for osteoarthritis).CONCLUSIONS: Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy has a high success rate in archiving healing in femoral neck non-union with good functional results. It is a biological and effective method. Level of Evidence IV, Therapeutic Study.

Sangramento da cabeça femoral durante artroplastia total do quadril para tratamento de osteoartrose / Bleeding of femoral head during total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthrosis

Objetivo: Avaliar o sangramento da cabeça femoral em quadris queapresentam osteoartrose durante o procedimento cirúrgico de artroplastiatotal do quadril. Métodos: Foram avaliados 103 quadris acometidospor osteoartrose coxofemoral primária. Após a luxação cirúrgica, a cabeçafemoral foi dividida em quatro quadrantes onde eram realizadasmicroperfurações com a finalidade de observar e qualificar a presençade sangramento como tipo precoce (SP), tardio (ST) ou sem sangramento(SS). Resultados: Foi observado no quadrante superior sangramentoprecoce (SP) em 16 quadris (15.5%), sangramento tardio em 14quadris (13.6%) e não houve sangramento (SS) em 73 quadris (70.9%).No quadrante anterior, foi observado SP em 24 quadris (23.3%), ST em7 quadris (6.8%) e SS em 72 quadris (69.9%). No quadrante inferior, foidetectado SP em 40 quadris (38.8%), ST em 14 quadris (13.6%) e SSem 49 quadris (47.6%). Finalmente, no quadrante posterior, havia SPem 39 quadris (37.9%), ST em 19 quadris (18.4%) e SS em 45 quadris(43.7%). Comparando o IMC e gênero dos participantes, não encontramosnenhuma associação (p>0,05). Conclusões: Os quadrantes inferiore posterior apresentaram maior sangramento, seguindo o trajeto daartéria circunflexa medial. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Terapêutico.

Objective: To evaluate the bleeding of the femoral head on hiposteoarthritis in patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty.Methods: One hundred and three hips affected by primary hiposteoarthritis were evaluated. After surgical dislocation, the femoralhead was divided into four quadrants, and micro perforations weremade in order to observe and assess the presence of bleeding, asearly type (EB), late type (LB) or without bleeding (WB). Results:We observed early bleeding (EB) in the upper quadrant in 16hips (15.5%), late bleeding in 14 hips (13.6%) and no bleeding(WB) in 73 hips (70.9%). The anterior quadrant showed EB in 24hips (23.3%), LB in 7 hips (6.8%) and WB in 72 hips (69.9%).The lower quadrant presented EB in 40 hips (38.8%), LB 14 hips(13.6%) and WB in 49 hips (47.6%). The posterior quadrant showedEB in 39 hips (37.9%), LB 19 hips (18.4%) and WB in 45 hips(43.7%). Comparing BMI and gender, we found no associationbetween these parameters (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The inferiorand posterior quadrant had the highest bleeding levels, followingthe path of the medial circumflex artery. Level of Evidence III,Therapeutic Study.

Do patients lose weight after total hip arthroplasty?

Objective: To investigate the effect of total hip arthroplasty (THA) on body mass index (BMI), from before to after the operation. Methods: 100 patients who underwent THA were retrospectively analyzed. They were stratified according to BMI, as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: There were 48 male patients and 52 female patients. Their mean age was 63.8 ± 13.5 years. The mean follow-up was 24.6 ± 0.6 months. The men had a mean preoperative BMI of 28.4± 3.6kg/m2 and the women, 27.5 ±5.0kg/m2. The mean postoperative BMI was 28.9 ±0.7kg/m2 for the men and 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m2 for the women. There was a general mean increase in BMI of 0.4kg/m2. The BMI increased both in patients with normal weight and in those who were overweight, but it decreased slightly in patients who were obese. BMI remained unchanged in the majority of the patients (73%). Conclusion: The improvement in mobility achieved through THA did not promote any reduction in anthropometric measurements in the majority of the patients...

Objetiuo: Investigar o efeito da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) no índice de massa corporal em relação ao pré e ao pós-operatório. Métodos: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 100 pacientes submetidos à ATQ. Os pacientes foram estratificados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), conforme proposto pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Resultados: Foram observados 48 pacientes do sexo masculino e 52 do feminino. A média de idade foi de 63,8 ± 13,5 anos. O seguimento médio foi de 24,6 ± 0,6 meses. Os homens apresentaram IMC pré-operatório médio de 28,4 ±3,6 kg/m2 e as mulheres, de 27,5 ±5,0 kg/m2. O IMC médio pós-operatório foi 28,9±0,7kg/m2 para os homens e 27,8±0,7kg/m2 para as mulheres. Ocorreu uma média de aumento geral do IMC em 0,4kg/m2. O IMC aumentou em pacientes com peso normal e com sobrepeso, mas diminuiu levemente em pacientes com obesidade. A maioria dos pacientes (73%) permaneceu com o IMC inalterado. Conclusão: A melhoria da mobilidade obtida com a ATQ não promoveu uma redução das medidas antropométricas na maioria dos pacientes...